All-electric vehicles
(EVs) run on electricity only. They are propelled by an electric motor (or
motors) powered by rechargeable battery packs. EVs have several advantages over
vehicles with internal combustion engines (ICEs):
·
Energy efficient. Electric
vehicles convert about 59–62% of the electrical energy from the grid to power
at the wheels—conventional gasoline vehicles only convert about 17–21% of the
energy stored in gasoline to power at the wheels.*
·
Environmentally friendly. EVs
emit no tail pipe pollutants, although the power plant producing the electricity
may emit them. Electricity from nuclear-, hydro-, solar-, or wind-powered
plants causes no air pollutants.
·
Performance benefits. Electric
motors provide quiet, smooth operation and stronger acceleration and require
less maintenance than ICEs.
·
Reduce energy dependence.
Electricity is a domestic energy source.
EVs do, however, face significant
battery-related challenges:
·
Driving range. Most EVs
can only go about 100–200 miles before recharging—gasoline vehicles can go over
300 miles before refueling.
·
Recharge time. Fully recharging the
battery pack can take 4 to 8 hours. Even a "quick charge" to 80%
capacity can take 30 min.
·
Battery cost: The large battery
packs are expensive and may need to be replaced one or more times.
·
Bulk & weight: Battery
packs are heavy and take up considerable vehicle space.
However, researchers are working on improved
battery technologies to increase driving range and decrease recharging time,
weight, and cost. These factors will ultimately determine the future of EVs.
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